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Panghsapye Formation
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Panghsapye Fm base reconstruction

Panghsapye Fm

Period: 
Silurian

Age Interval: 
Early Silurian


Province: 
Myanmar Shan Region

Type Locality and Naming

Shan North Plateau, Shan mid-Plateau (Pyin Oo Lwin), a single locality 400 m SE of the village of Panghsa-pye. [Original Publication: Barber, A. J., Khin Zaw & Crow, M. J. (eds) 2017. Myanmar: Geology, Resources and Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 48, 317-342]


Lithology and Thickness

Graptolite Shale with more siliciclastic units. The graptolitic shale is intercalated with nodular limestones. Further divided into Lower Panghsapye Fm, based on the collection of a shelly band only 15 cm thick from near the base of the Graptolite shale with shelly bed by the Geological Survey of India.


Lithology Pattern: 
Pelagic marl


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Conformable with Sitha Fm in Shan North Plateau, conformable with Kunlein Fm in Shan mid-Plateau (Pyin Oo Lwin).

Upper contact

Conformable with Namhsim Sandstone Fm in Shan North Plateau, Conformable with Nyaungbaw Fm in Shan mid-Plateau (Pyin Oo Lwin).

Regional extent

This Fm is developed in Shan North and Mid Plateaus.


GeoJSON

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Fossils

Followed by a shelly fauna of brachiopods and trilobites, gastropods and ostracods in Shan North Plateau and Shan mid-Plateau (Pyin Oo Lwin). In Lower Panghsapye Fm, the fossils were originally described by Reed (1915) and revised in depth by Cocks & Fortey (2002). The fauna included: the typically Hirnantian trilobite Mucronaspis mucronata (Brogniart, 1822) as well as two endemic trilobites, Eoleonaspis shanensis (Reed, 1915) and an undescribed odontopleurid genus; ten brachiopods including the cosmopolitan species Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M’Coy, 1851) and some cosmopolitan genera with endemic species including Kinnella medlicotti (Reed, 1915), Dalmanella mansuyi (Reed, 1915) and Paromalomena (Shanomena) macmahoni (Reed, 1915); and the gastropod Callonema, three ostracods and the machaeridian Turrilepas.


Age 

Early Silurian. So far, the effects of the Hirnantian glaciation, documented from North Africa, Arabia and South America, have not been recognized in the Late Ordovician sediments of Myanmar. For Lower Panghsapye Fm, Latest Ordovician (Hirnantian). As originally suggested as a possibility by Temple (1965), and confirmed by Cocks & Fortey (2002), the fauna is unmistakeably of latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) age and a representative of the cosmopolitan Hirnantia Fauna that was coincident with increased seawater oxygenation; opportunistic benthos such as the Hirnantia Fauna could colonize deeper parts of the shelf during the end-Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation (Torsvik & Cocks 2017). However, unsurprisingly in view of its then low latitude, there are no actual glaciogenic rocks of that age in Myanmar.[Figure: Stratigraphical correlation of the Cambrian–Devonian rocks of Myanmar Shan region with those of northern Thailand and NW Malaysia. Asterisks indicate the levels at which fossils useful in correlation were found (after Aung&Cocks, 2017)]

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Rhuddanian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.0

    Beginning date (Ma): 
443.07

    Ending stage: 
Telychian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
432.93

Depositional setting

Mainly deposited in marine environments under poorly aerated conditions.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Aye Ko Aung and L. Robin M. Cocks (Aung & Cocks, Cambrian–Devonian stratigraphy of the Shan Plateau, Myanmar (Burma), Chapter 14 in Barber, A. J., Khin Zaw & Crow, M. J. (eds) 2017. Myanmar: Geology, Resources and Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 48, 317-342).